Native plants are the answer…

Maybe it’s just me, but it seems to me that there are far too many crepe myrtles (Lagerstroemia sp.) in use for the good of the planet, especially for the good of wildlife in the United States.

The same could be said of other exotic plants, such as Privet or Ligustrum (Ligustrum sp.), Heavenly Bamboo (Nandina domestica),   Chinaberry (Melia azedarach), and others. Even plants native to one area might become invasive if introduced and allowed to spread in another ecoregion.

Best advice, of course, is to plant plants that are native to your ecoregion. And with Climate Change (or Climate Chaos, which seems to be a more accurate description), even plants native to one’s ecoregion might be getting squeezed out or moving further north, or moving higher up, or retreating into ecological niches (if they haven’t been paved over or bulldozed into oblivion).

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Texas Lantana (Lantana urticoides)

Take, for instance, Texas Lantana (Lantana urticoides) which can often be found, even in the “big box” stores. However, its cousin Lantana camara which is similar but has different colored flowers and somewhat different leaf texture (I am told) can also be found in those same stores which don’t offer plants grown only in the local region. So it shouldn’t have surprised me when I found several of the L. camara in the greenbelt this past fall, growing right beside what I took to be L. urticoides. And while trying to get photos of a stand of native Solidago sp., (aka Goldenrod), I chanced upon a young Chinaberry (Melia azedarach) sapling. Nearby there are several invasive Chinese pistache (Pistacia chinensis). And that’s just directly behind my house and/or my neighbors’ houses.

This, in a greenbelt that is protected because there is a cavern underneath it within which live one or two endangered species.

The conclusion is the title to this post.

PLANT GRASSES, FLOWERS, SHRUBS AND TREES THAT ARE NATIVE TO THE AREA IN WHICH YOU LIVE. NOTHING ELSE.

If you want a Crepe Myrtle in your yard, then move to Southeast Asia, or wherever it is that they’re from. And take the big-box store nurseries with you. Please. Thank you.

p.s. drove past the construction site where I had taken photos on September 23, 2020, and it appears that most of the native plants have been the subject of “brush clearing.” Don’t know for sure. Didn’t stop and inspect. Would think the Winecups might be in bloom, either now or soon.

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And we have some losers…

Proboscidea louisianica - Ram's Horn, Devil's Claw

Not so long ago, (November 10th 2020) I went out to the backyard and looked over the fence to find that the mowers had once again been through the berm ( the area between the houses and the greenbelt/protected zone that prevents (one hopes) undesirable materials (such as pesticides) from draining into the cavern which houses an endangered species.

Here’s what I observed:

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“Scalping” of the berm in several places. The berm is slightly sloped, so as one drives over the top from either side, it is hard to avoid scalping unless the blades of the mower are set to the seven inches which the Texas Department of Transportation specifies in its 2018 Roadside Vegetation Management Manual for rural areas and five inches in urban areas (Chapter 2, page 17). The reasoning is this: low cutting is undesirable because it:

  • stresses the vegetation, especially in dry, hot conditions, resulting in loss of desirable vegetative cover,
  • deprives wildlife of cover,
  • and the lack of leaves above the ground reduces the ability of the plants to develop roots below the ground, resulting in susceptibility to things like
    • erosion,
    • loss of native plant cover, and
    • vulnerability to invasive plant species which can crowd out native species because they have no natural enemies or symbiotic fauna species ( which might depend on them for survival).

Earlier posts on this blog have documented

  • Mowing on wet ground after a rain (Chapter 2, page 16)
  • Mowing down stands of wildflowers still in bloom, (Chapter 1, page 8), and
  • invasive species that were most likely introduced by failure to follow safe hygiene (Special Provision 730-003, which requires pressure washing before and after equipment enters and leaves an area).

The November mowing was no exception, although it was done on dry soil, before a predicted rainfall the following week. But no plants below the height of three inches was spared. Although this Proboscidea louisianica was no longer in bloom, it had not completely set seed, as evident in these still green fruits. The mower had no sympathy for this Devil’s Claw.

Proboscidea louisianica - Ram's Horn, Devil's Claw

Proboscidea louisianica – Ram’s Horn, Devil’s Claw

One of my favorite Korean drama series, “Romance Is A Bonus Book” has a scene in which the CEO of the book publishing company says “You don’t need a botanist to mow the lawn.”

I’m beginning to think that you DO need a botanist, if not to mow the lawn, to tell the mowers When to mow, Where to mow, What to mow, How to mow, and Why to mow or not mow, so that the person Who does the mowing understands what he or she is doing, and can take pride in a job well done. The supervisors of the people who have mowed the berm between my house and the greenbelt, as well as other locations, based on the evidence I see, do not know, or have not trained their employees well.

Every time I see a roadside scalped, or steep sloped ditch mowed when it should have been planted with appropriate native plants, I wonder how long humans have before they realize that they are not the only species on this planet, and start to act as intelligently as they seem to think they are, “the most intelligent creatures on Earth.”

Gone to seed, fruits, or berries, mostly…

Took a walk out in the woods, in the middle of the summer, to see if the Phemeranthus calycinus aka Rock Pink, might be in bloom, since we had had several days of rain prior. No such luck. There had been at least 20 specimens in the immediate area about four years ago, and earlier this year I found one in bloom, but even the Bitterweed (Helenium amarum) seemed to be scorched, for the most part, although I did take a photo of one that wasn’t, and some grasses. (For an article describing the flower I was looking for, and some photos, see Stalking the ephemeral Rock-Pink).

The area I’ve dubbed “Lace Cactus Lane” because of its concentration of Echinocereus species, was in fairly decent condition. And a pass through the area I call “Vine Street” revealed some Pearl Milkweed Vine (Matelea reticulata) pods dried and open, as well as some Carolina Snailseed (Cocculus carolinus), starting to put out its berries. Of course, there was the usual Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans), Virginia Creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia ) and Sevenleaf Creeper (Parthenocissus heptophylla). And I took a few shots of the Bearded Swallow-Wort vine (Cynanchum barbigerum) just to illustrate the way it braids itself along whatever is supporting it.

A bit closer to home, Butterflyweed (Asclepias tuberosa) were in bloom,  as were Texas Lantana (Lantana urticoides) , Apache Plume (Fallugia paradoxa), Gregg’s Mistflower (Conoclinium greggii), Mealy Blue Sage (Salvia farinacea), Skeleton-leaf Golden-eye (Viguiera stenoloba),  Four-nerve daisies (Tetraneuris sp.), Flame acanthus  (Anisacanthus quadrifidus), Autumn Sage (Salvia greggii), and Manzanilla (better known by the name Turk’s Cap, and rarely called Texas Red Mallow)(Malvaviscus arboreus var. drummondii). Even the Wild petunia (Ruellia nudiflora) has been putting out blooms lately, and the Yellow Passion Flower (Passiflora lutea) seems to have just recently finished its latest cycle.

Which leads to a mention of the life cycle of the Gulf Fritillary (Agraulis vanillae) butterflies, which have tried their best but haven’t succeeded in stripping the Passiflora vines completely this year. Given that it is safe to speculate that the suburban subdivision where I reside has little habitat for these beautiful pollinators, one can only hope that my little nursery is keeping the local population going.

In the heat of the summer

I seem to suffer from Gilligan’s Syndrome – what starts out as a five minute walk outside to water the plants in their containers that I am hoping will hold on until cooler weather comes (September? October?) turns into an hour or more photo safari. Sometimes I go beyond the confines of my yard, sometimes not.

Ruellia nudiflora, for instance, has suddenly been blooming like crazy. A Passiflora incarnata volunteer popped up in the mulched bed across from the Passiflora lutea and Passiflora suberosa, and started putting out blooms. The Malvaviscus arboreus var. drummondii continue to bloom, as do the Salvia greggii, Lantana urticoides, Scutellarria wrightii, Salvia farinacea, and Conoclinium greggii. In the “nursery,” several Asclepias milkweeds have bloomed or budded, along with Tetraneuris scaposa. In the gravel pathway, I had to (reluctantly) trim the Boerhavia coccinea back to allow human passage. The Fallugia paradoxa has put out a few blooms and plumes, and the Pavonia lasiopetala has been a pleasant surprise with its hibiscus-like pink blossoms.

We have Liatris punctata still in bloom, Melampodium leucanthum, Asclepias texana, and a native grass that I have been calling “Indian Grass,” (turns out that is the common name for Sorghum nutans. The Aloysia gratissima has attracted pollinators, as has the Anisacanthus quadrifidus, and behind the fence, the Proboscidea louisianica or “Devil’s Claw,” has held out with a bloom or two. The Glandularia bipinnatifida has come up in various spots, too low for the mowers’ blades most of the time. As can be seen in some of the photos, these native plants of Texas, most of which are not receiving any supplemental watering, provide food for Bumblebees, butterflies, and even hummingbirds, lizards, and wasps. I even went out and over the course of several days, harvested enough Diospyros texana fruit to make a Texas Persimmon Loaf. The slide show that follows includes photos taken the week of August 10 – 16, 2020

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A mid-Summer’s nightmare

I have seen the best plants of my eco-region driven into ghettos of greenbelts, invaded by non-native plants, poisoned with herbicides…

I see public areas, along roadways and in park areas, mowed so low that the grass is turning brown and burnt by the sun, despite sprinklers and watering, and occasional rains brought on from sub-tropical weather disturbances in the Gulf of Mexico.

I see the berm behind my house, where a stand of wildflowers in bloom had been cut down in late May while the ground was still wet, and where the native Silver Bluestem grass, which had once dominated the berm, had returned, mowed down in late July, parched and sere under the August sun. Because the contracts signed say they have to mow a certain number of times within certain calendar limits.

I have written emails to my HOA and the Municipal Utility District, and received no response. If a tree falls in the forest, or a native plant goes extinct or disappears from a region because of destruction of habitat, does it make a sound if there are no humans to hear it cry out?

And yet, life goes on.

I have seen the Clematis drummondii, with their achenes in showy white plumes, and must make a note to get out of the house for a photo safari soon, while this year’s show is still on. I have seen the Passiflora  vines and the Gulf Fritillary butterflies in their back and forth movements between fertilization, egg-laying, larvae consuming the plant, and adult butterflies dancing about. I have seen the native plants in my yard, both those intentionally planted, and those volunteers who have been recognized and protected, thrive or at least survive.

And I have seen the birds drinking from the water fountain, having been provided with plants that provide food (and insects that thrive and provide food as well), shelter, and a place to build their homes. I have seen the hummingbirds zooming about, grabbing sips of nectar from the salvias, the Texas Red Mallows, and the Flame Acanthus (though this year, I’m afraid I haven’t quick enough to focus and click on the camera quickly enough to capture one in mid-flight.

And as the globe warms, I wonder what changes I’ll be seeing in the plants that thrive in this area, and whether enough humans will start to think outside the box of “that’s the way we’ve always done it,” or “that’s the I’ve always heard it should be,” to make a dent in the greenhouse we are living in.

But enough of that. Time for some photos – some OK, some not so great, but the subject matter supersedes this one’s talents:

Oops! They did it again.

As in, “They mowed the berm between the greenbelt and the houses when it didn’t need mowing.” (See slideshow at the end of the post).

I had just gotten back inside the house, after taking some photos of plants in my yard, and had gone out into the berm, to document the healthy growth of Silver Bluestem that had risen up after the most recent massacre at the end of May. While not as thick as one might wish, it was good to know that my removal of the Perennial Rye and Malta Star Thistle had allowed the native grass to come back.

Looking on the bright side, it appeared that the mower’s blades had been set at a higher level than before. Whether they pressure washed the blades before mowing, I don’t know. Since I have not received the courtesy of a reply to my emails in February and June,  I don’t know. And the Johnson Grass, which I’ve been pulling out or removing the inflorescences from so they don’t go to seed, were mowed down, leaving the Poison Ivy more or less intact, so that it will be easier to go out and apply an herbicide to eradicate. And at least they mowed while the ground was dry.

So while I am still not happy with the apparent frequency of scheduled mowing, it seems that my attempts to enlighten and educate those responsible has made a small dent. Persistence will tell the tale.

What’s blooming in Central Texas?

What, indeed? I’m happy to say I’ve seen a hummingbird buzzing around the Turk’s caps (Malvaviscus arboreus var. drummondii), the Tetraneuris scaposa as well as the T. scaposa var. linearifolia are in bloom, although the ones in the “nuisance strip are less lively than the ones in the one gallon pots ready to augment them. The Blackfoot Daisies (Melampodium leucanthum) are blooming, and the Cenizo or Texas Sage (Leucophyllum frutescens) bloomed for a little while, but have faded as the temperatures get into the 100s and the air has dried up. Datura (Datura wrightii) have been putting out their Angel Trumpets at night. Devil’s Claw (Proboscidea louisianica) are coming up behind the fence, along with plenty of Silverleaf nightshade (Solanum  elaeangifolium). Here are some of those mentioned, and maybe some not.

Natives returning, along with a few undesirables

A month after the Wildflower Massacre at the hands of untrained/poorly trained mowers (who are not to blame, for the are just pawns in the game), the native plants are making a strong comeback, as well as a couple of unwelcome plants, both exotic and native. Among the invasive or undesirable plants are Johnson Grass (Sorghum halepense), Bermuda Grass (Cynodon dactylon), and Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans). Interestingly enough, most of the “new” natives are coming up in the area in which I had already pulled some 10 bags of grasses and weeds of the exotic and invasive persuasion. But enough talk, here’s a slideshow to illustrate what I’m talking about.

 

The low blade mowing (under 7 inches) according to a personal source expert on eradicating non-native species from parks and preserves, is a great way to spread the Poison Ivy (a native, but one which one prefers left in preserves, untouched by mower blades). I suspect that cutting below 7 inches also encourages the spread of Bermuda Grass. The Johnson Grass is an opportunistic plant that likes disturbed soils such as construction sites or “scalped” roadways and in my case, berms. But it can be easily defeated by pulling it out after every rain, and letting native grasses take over.

What a difference a day makes… not for the better, this time.

On Tuesday, May 26, 2020, I was participating in an online Parkinson’s exercise class when I heard the sound of engines and saw a mower going across the berm next to a green belt. The first three pictures below show the wildflowers that I had managed to give some room by pulling about 10 bags of invasive grasses and noxious weed from around them since February. The last three pictures show the result of the mowers’ work, having cut the berm bare, including the stands of blooming wildflowers. Warning: disturbing and graphic photographs are included.

I quickly called Ecosystems Landscaping of Austin, the name of the company on the mower’s tee-shirt, who had simply waved at me and turned his mower in the opposite direction when I tried to flag him down. (Granted, I did not have a face mask on. Perhaps he was following COVID-19 prevention precautions).

I spoke on the phone with a Mr. Robert G., who basically let me vent while his company’s employees cut down all the wildflowers still standing on the berm, many of which were not yet in full bloom or had even gone to seed.

He told me that their contracts required them to mow within a certain date. I asked why there weren’t clause(s) that prohibited mowing under unsuitable conditions, such as following rains (we had received at least two inches of rain in the last three days, and the ground was still wet, as was the grass). He claimed that their mower blades were pressure washed before bringing the mowers to the site, and that the blades were set at least three inches high. (I advised him that the Texas DOT guidelines for roadside vegetation management recommend setting the blades at 7 inches for rural areas, and to avoid mowing next to natural preserve areas, which the greenbelt is). I suggested that the Lolium perenne (annual rye grass) and Centaurea melitensis (Malta star thistle), both highly invasive plants, could not have come in during the last two years in as great of numbers as they had without having been carried in on mower blades.

Although the following references are to the Texas Department of Transportation’s (TXDOT) online manual for roadside vegetation management, (click on the “Home” icon to view a PDF version) I remember learning that the first documented case of child abuse in the US was reported to the Animal Welfare Agency and was prosecuted under the laws regarding cruelty to animals. I think any claim that HOAs and other entities are not subject to the same guidelines are spurious by analogy. At best, such an argument is specious.

In short, I observed the following presumed violations of The Texas Department of Transportation guidelines to Roadway and Roadside Maintenance, to name a few:

  • Assumed violation of guideline on Invasive Species (Ch.1, Section 3) “which calls for pressure washing of mowing equipment before the equipment enters or leaves designated areas.” as outlined in Special Provision 730-003 (dated 2004) on Roadside mowing which requires notification of the engineer prior to the pressure washing of mowing equipment in order to ensure that plant materials are contained. (An assumption based on the resulting infestation of invasive exotic vegetation. I am willing to retract this assumption if anyone can provide proof of actual pressure washing before moving the mowers into the area. Video with a date stamp would be sufficient and easy to create with a smartphone). (Emphasis added).
  • Presumed violation of Section 4: Special Situations, which states “frequent mowing of of native grasses would allow noxious weeds to invade. … “should be cut no lower than seven inches to ensure survivability.” {emphasis added).
  • Presumed violation of Section 2: Preserving and Enhancing Habitat: “Diversity – both in plant variety and growth structure – is the key to preserving and enhancing wildlife habitat. … focus on encouraging a diverse native plant population that will provide abundant food and cover for a variety of wildlife.”
  • Obvious violation of Chapter 1 Section 3 – levels of management: ” Large stands of wildflowers including fall blooming nectar plants for pollinators should be avoided when mowing unless safety concerns arise.” (emphasis added).

I could go on.

But I am an elderly person with Parkinson’s Disease. I can’t go out waving my machete at the mowers to get them not to mow over stands of blooming wildflowers. I had thought about putting out signs saying “Wildflower Restoration In Progress – Do Not Mow” the day before, but I had other promises to keep. Maybe this Fall. At least I pulled the 10 bags of invasive plants in the last three months. There will be that many fewer invasive plant seeds, and perhaps the native grasses and wildflowers will have a better chance next year.

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What was blooming (or not) 25 May 2020

Clematis pitcheri (Purple leather flower) (cultivated)

(Posted about a year ago – edited to add the names of the plants), Went out in the yard and beyond today and captured a few items of interest. Didn’t go into the front yard because it was getting close to dinnertime.

Lantana urticoides (Texas Lantana)
Salvia farinacea (Mealy blue sage)(cultivated)
Symphyotrichum oblongifolium (Fall aster or Aromatic aster) (cultivated)
Merremia dissecta. (Alamo vine)(cultivated)(escaped from cultivation)
(Maurandella antirrhiniflora) (Roving sailor or Snapdragon vine) (native, not cultivated)
Tetraneuris linearifolia var. linearifolia (Slenderleaf bitterweed) (native, not cultivated)
(Viguiera stenoloba) Skeleton-leaf Goldeneye (cultivated)
Solanum elaeagnifolium (Silverleaf nightshade) (native, not cultivated)
Conoclinium greggii (Gregg’s mistflower) (cultivated)
Ageratina havanensis (White mistflower, White boneset) (cultivated)
Viguiera stenoloba . (Skeleton-leaf goldeneye) (cultivated)
Callirhoe involucrata (Winecup, Purple Poppy Mallow)(cultivated)
Clematis texensis (Scarlet Clematis, Scarlet Leatherflower, Texas Clematis)(cultivated)
Opuntia sp. (Prickly pear)(cultivated, “spineless varietal)
Luchophxllum frutescems (Cenizo, Purple sage, Trvas sage)(cultivated))
Gaillardia pulchella (Firewheel, Indian Blanket) (natiive, not cultivated)
Oenothera speciosa (Pink Evening Primrose, Pink Ladies) (native, not cultivated)
A variety of native plants (mostly)
Glandularia bipinnatifida (Dakota Mock Vervain, Prairie verbena) (native, not cultivated)
Cirsium texanum (Texas Thistle) (native, not cultivated)
Gaillardia pulchella (Indian Blanket) including recessive gene lacking red pigment, “Sunwheel” (native, not cultivated)
Ratibida columnifera (Prairie Coneflower, Mexican Hat)(native, not cultivated)