Music, music music (and exercise)

Dial the wayback machine to 2021, where this digital commons paper from Sacred Heart University on Influence and Effect of Music on Exercise  By Kendall Stewart appeared.

… Lack of adherence to exercise and physical activity, and related programs, is correlated with absence of motivation and enjoyment. Research has proven the presence of music, during physical activity, to be a strong motivator and linked to increased enjoyment, thus increasing exercise adherence. The purpose of this essay is to compile research in order to analyze and explain how the presence of music during physical activity increases mood and affective state of mind to bring about increased adherence and motivation as well as describe how individuals feel as though they are doing less work/exercising less when listening to music while being physically active. In addition, … examine the effect that different music genres, speeds, paces, and preferences have on exercise performance, enjoyment and adherence. (emphasis added).

Among the citations are:

de Dreu MJ, van der Wilk ASD, Poppe E, Kwakkel G, van Wegen EEH. Rehabilitation,
exercise therapy and music in patients with Parkinson’s disease: A meta-analysis of the
effects of music-based movement therapy on walking ability, balance and quality of life.
Parkinsonism & Related Disorders. 2012;18(Suppl 1):S114-S119. doi:10.1016/S1353-
8020(11)70036-0

which also refers to:

Goodwin VA, Richards SH, Taylor RS, Taylor AH, Campbell JL. The effectiveness of exercise interventions for people with Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mov Disord. 2008 Apr 15;23(5):631-40. doi: 10.1002/mds.21922. PMID: 18181210.

Evidence supported exercise as being beneficial with regards to physical functioning, health-related quality of life, strength, balance and gait speed for people with PD. There was insufficient evidence support or refute the value of exercise in reducing falls or depression.

On the topic of music and PD, we have:

Poliakoff, E., Bek, J., Phillips, M., Young, W. R., & Rose, D. C. (2023). Vividness and Use of Imagery Related to Music and Movement in People with Parkinson’s: A Mixed-methods Survey Study. Music & Science, 6. https://doi.org/10.1177/20592043231197919

excerpts from the abstract (as always, emphasis added):

… Music is used in interventions for people with Parkinson’s, either to pace movements, or as an integral element of activities such as dance. This study explored self-reported vividness of two forms of imagery – motor imagery evoked by music and auditory (including musical) imagery – in people with Parkinson’s, and whether and how they use these types of imagery in everyday life.

Participants (N = 199) completed:

(i) vividness ratings of visual and kinesthetic music-evoked motor imagery,

(ii) vividness ratings of auditory imagery, and

(iii) ratings and open questions about their everyday use of these types of imagery.

…  <20% reported actively using music to support motor imagery in daily activities. In contrast, participants reported a broad range of contexts and uses for musical imagery (imagined music), from supporting movement (e.g., walking or exercise) to emotion regulation, and concentration.

Correlational analyses associated vividness of music- evoked motor imagery with an urge to dance and musical training, while the use of musical imagery was associated with singing ability.

A minority of participants reported not experiencing either motor or musical imagery, suggesting that interventions based on imagery may not be suitable for all.

even participants with more severe motor symptoms reported experiencing and using both types of imagery, indicating promise for their strategic use at different stages of Parkinson’s. … musical and motor imagery have the potential to support rehabilitation strategies for Parkinson’s, either separately or in combination.

Not the “hardest” scientific evidence there is, but hey, Einstein (a guy who only has to be referred to by his surname, and we all know who were talking about) reported that he did his though experiments using visual imagery, and only later (and with much labor) worked out the math. (I believe the reference can be found in a book “The Act of Creation” by Arthur Koestler, if memory serves. As Einstein reportedly said, you can always look it up).

How to end this post on music and Parkinson’s Disease? Rather than submit one of my own YouTube videos, how about one from another person whose first name alone is sufficient to identify him:

Elvis

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