Discrete choice experiment

Published in the Australian Journal of Physiotherapy as an open access article, we have an experiment in which several factors were used to determine participants’ preferences in a hypothetical exercise program.

People with Parkinson’s disease are more willing to do additional exercise if the exercise program has specific attributes

Conclusions were:

People with Parkinson’s disease were more willing to participate in exercise programs that cost less, involve less travel, provide physical or psychological benefits and are supervised by qualified professionals. To enable more people with Parkinson’s disease to exercise, health services should provide programs addressing these factors and account for sex differences. [emphasis added. Men were more likely to favor strength training, women were averse to aerobic exercise, and folks already exercising 300 minutes per week were less likely to favor adding more exercises.]

The group to which I subscribe on their YouTube channel, and support in various ways, is Power For Parkinson’s® (PFP). I also am a member of the Georgetown Area Parkinson’s Support group (GAPS) and the Capital Area Parkinson’s Society (CAPS) Both PFP and GAPS sponsor several exercise groups aimed directly at people with Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and their needs, so I am usually working out at least one hour daily. So I might fall into the last group of folks not willing to add more exercises.

On a different tangent, A couple of articles showed up that deal with the idea of Multiple Intelligences. Actually, one is a book excerpt with selected portions available on Google Books, and the other is the cover, Table of Contents, Bibliography, and Index of a different book. Granted, the Index does list Parkinson’s Disease on at least 2 pages. Why bother? Because, as those who have read the earlier blog post(s) on Moses Maimonides and Me, I don’t particularly subscribe to Maimonides’ categories of four ways in which humans strive to achieve perfection.

These books are:

Eastern European Perspectives on Emotional Intelligence

in which some of the available pages include charts of Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences, and some of the results which seem to show a clustering of several factors (using factor analysis). Since that is outside of my area of expertise, I won’t comment on it. (This is all copyrighted material, provided only for personal education, etc.

The other is Mind Ecologies: Body, Brain and World which has the extensive bibliography and index. Probably well worth looking into the bibliography, if one has a mind to do so (but not today). The TOC reads:

1. Life, Experimentalism, and Valuation 16
2. Pragmatism and Embodied Cognitive Science 51
3. Social Cohesion, Experience, and Aesthetics 94
4. Pragmatism and Affective Cognition 124
5. Perception, Affect, World 156
6. Broadening Ecologies 184 

and the whole thing is copyright The Columbia University Press.

My pulmonologist prescribed a nap in the morning and afternoon, and since I missed the morning nap, will head off to do one this afternoon.

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Research on the arts and outcomes related to Parkinson’s – and more related research and hypotheses

For our first article, we have a review on group based dance, singing, music, and theatrical treatments on a variety show of outcomes. 

A systematic review of active group-based dance, singing, music therapy and theatrical interventions for quality of life, functional communication, speech, motor function and cognitive status in people with Parkinson’s disease

Basically, they found that the arts seemed to have positive effects for folks with PD – but that not all types of arts were evaluated against all of the outcomes listed. So “More research is needed” to look into all aspects. But it’s a good thing.

Next up is a review of the effects of oxytocin and the effects of music on the human brain. And on social behavior and bonding. While not specifically directed at Parkinson’s disease, it is certainly applicable to treatments for people with Parkinson’s.

Links Between the Neurobiology of Oxytocin and Human Musicality

 It is argued that many of these characteristics of oxytocin biology closely mirror the diverse effects that music has on human cognition and emotion, providing a link to the important role music has played throughout human evolutionary history and helping to explain why music remains a special prosocial human asset. Finally, it is suggested that there is a potential synergy in combining oxytocin- and music-based strategies to improve general health and aid in the treatment of various neurological dysfunctions.

Keywords: oxytocin, music, dance, reward, empathy, trust, therapy

If there is a link between neurobiology and music, then it stands to reason that music played a part in the evolution of modern Homo sapiens. That is the topic of the brief review of:

Music and the Meeting of Human Minds by Alan Harvey

The author addresses

  1. when and why  modern humans evolved musical behaviors,
  2. the evolutionary relationship between music and language, and 
  3. why humans, perhaps unique among all living species, universally
    continue to possess two complementary but distinct communication streams.

He argues that “early in our history, the unique socializing and harmonizing power of music acted as an essential counterweight to the new and evolving sense of self, to an emerging sense of individuality and mortality that was linked to the development of an advanced cognitive capacity and articulate language capability.”

Dopamine is one of the keywords, so it should be of interest to People with Parkinson’s.

Another article along similar lines is Music as a coevolved system for social bonding,  The authors put forth an hypothesis and

make testable predictions for future research, including neurobiological bases of musicality and relationships between human music, language, animal song, and other domains. The music and social bonding (MSB) hypothesis provides the most comprehensive theory to date of the biological and cultural evolution of music.

More materials on this area of interest:

Four principles of bio-musicology (2015)

Without it no music: cognition, biology and evolution of musicality (2015)

Motor constraints influence cultural evolution of rhythm 

Music and Language in Social Interaction: Synchrony, Antiphony, and Functional Origins

How to sum it all up?  In the words of James Brown: 

I Feel Good

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